De Broglie Wavelength Hypothesis Overview

The De Broglie hypothesis proposes that all matter exhibits wave-like properties and relates the observed wavelength of matter to its momentum. After Albert Einsteins photon theory became accepted, the question became whether this was true only for light or whether material objects also exhibited wave-like behavior. Here is how the De Broglie hypothesis was developed. De Broglies Thesis In his 1923 (or 1924, depending on the source) doctoral dissertation, the French physicist Louis de Broglie made a bold assertion. Considering Einsteins relationship of wavelength lambda to momentum p, de Broglie proposed that this relationship would determine the wavelength of any matter, in the relationship: lambda h / p recall that h is Plancks constant This wavelength is called the de Broglie wavelength. The reason he chose the momentum equation over the energy equation is that it was unclear, with matter, whether E should be total energy, kinetic energy, or total relativistic energy. For photons, they are all the same, but not so for matter. Assuming the momentum relationship, however, allowed the derivation of a similar de Broglie relationship for frequency f using the kinetic energy Ek: f Ek / h Alternate Formulations De Broglies relationships are sometimes expressed in terms of Diracs constant, h-bar h / (2pi), and the angular frequency w and wavenumber k: p h-bar * kEk h-bar * w Experimental Confirmation In 1927, physicists Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer, of Bell Labs, performed an experiment where they fired electrons at a crystalline nickel target. The resulting diffraction pattern matched the predictions of the de Broglie wavelength. De Broglie received the 1929 Nobel Prize for his theory (the first time it was ever awarded for a Ph.D. thesis) and Davisson/Germer jointly won it in 1937 for the experimental discovery of electron diffraction (and thus the proving of de Broglies hypothesis). Further experiments have held de Broglies hypothesis to be true, including the quantum variants of the double slit experiment. Diffraction experiments in 1999 confirmed the de Broglie wavelength for the behavior of molecules as large as buckyballs, which are complex molecules made up of 60 or more carbon atoms. Significance of the de Broglie Hypothesis The de Broglie hypothesis showed that wave-particle duality was not merely an aberrant behavior of light, but rather was a fundamental principle exhibited by both radiation and matter. As such, it becomes possible to use wave equations to describe material behavior, so long as one properly applies the de Broglie wavelength. This would prove crucial to the development of quantum mechanics. It is now an integral part of the theory of atomic structure and particle physics. Macroscopic Objects and Wavelength Though de Broglies hypothesis predicts wavelengths for ​matter of any size, there are realistic limits on when its useful. A baseball thrown at a pitcher has a de Broglie wavelength that is smaller than the diameter of a proton by about 20 orders of magnitude. The wave aspects of a macroscopic object are so tiny as to be unobservable in any useful sense, although interesting to muse about.

Should The Government Be Proactive - 2508 Words

Today, with all the chaos and terrorist attacks and cyber-attacks going on in the world there are many security issues that companies and governments are being faced with. There are several questions that need to be answered if we are going to solve these problems. The main question that I will be covering is, should the government be proactive in the area of encryption of data due to the possibility of criminal activity going undetected? The major area within this problem I believe is the fourth amendment issues because as Benjamin Franklin once stated, Those who would give up essential liberty, to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty or safety. We as a country need to be very careful when dealing with this area†¦show more content†¦So one area I will be covering later on is, do we need to change or expand the fourth amendment and if so, what should we change it to so we can be proactive within this area of data encryption. Another important term here is privacy. In an article by David Pozen he cited Professor Daniel Solove s work, when defining privacy. Two of the definitions he gave that I think really sum up this area well are, (1) The right to be left alone, (2) Personhood, or the protection of one s personality, individuality and dignity. Finally, the last term I will cover before answering the question of should the government being proactive in the area of data encryption is, what is the government legally allowed to do right now? This is important because we need to decide is this enough or is more required, basically do the risks outweigh the reward? To explain briefly right now the government is legally allowed to do whatever surveillance it wants if they can get a judge to sign off on, but politicians are trying to expand this as frequently as ever. Normally federal judges can only approve warrants for their jurisdiction but a new change would, allow for judges to issue warrants for hacking and surveillance in cases where investigators don t know the target computer s location, according to letter sent to congress by 50 companies and tech groups. SoShow MoreRelatedPrevention And Treatment Of Malaria Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pagesrelevant to the disease is considerably lower than developing nations due to effec tive policies and strategies. Although governments and healthcare professionals can curb or alleviate the prevalence of the illness in many regions, thousands of people die due to malaria regardless of the measures. The loss of life stemming from the sickness is a serious issue mainly because the government, community, and healthcare sector can save lives through prevention, treatment, and awareness. Effects on Blood andRead MorePower Grid Systems ( Essp 2015 )1556 Words   |  7 Pagesshoulders of federal government entities’ and private sector electrical providers to ensure all foreign and domestic interruptions to the grid system are evaded (ESSP 2015). All possible threats should be looked at, inside and outside the box to have a proactive and not a reactive response. The preplan interruption scenarios whether it be cyber-attacks, assault on a nuclear plant or a terrorist bombing at a substation to maintain a proactive response to all scenarios should be drilled into the participatesRead MoreEmergency Planning : Emergency Management1384 Words   |  6 Pagessituation should be examined and how the different silos (rivalries) can be resolved. These two factors together will provide administrators with the greatest insights as to how emergency management can adapt to the various threats in the future. The Most perplexing problem with Emergency Management is that it’s far more reactive than proactive. What means and measures could change this situation? Reactive emergency response planning is when you are reacting to what events are occurring. Proactive emergencyRead MoreCamecos Mining Operations in Kyrgyzstan: Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy Analysis1742 Words   |  7 Pagesapproach the issue of corporate social responsibility with its mining operations in Kyrgyzstan. The companys decision should reflect its philosophy, its business model and its strategic objectives. It is recommended that Cameco takes a proactive approach to CSR in order to build its reputation as an ethical business partner. Central Question The central question is how should Duret deal with the spill in a way that establishes a pathway for building stronger relationships in Kyrgyzstan for theRead MoreFour Approaches to Csr1126 Words   |  5 Pagesranked from the lowest stance to the highest stance. The lowest stance an organization can utilize is the obstructionist stance. Moving up a level is the defensive stance followed by the accommodative stance which leads to the highest level, the proactive stance. Firstly, the lowest level of social responsibility is the Obstructionist Stance. In this level, a company does as little as possible to deny or cover up violations. For example, employees breathing in fumes of a chemical spill which isRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Right For Police Officers1526 Words   |  7 Pagesourselves amongst the billions of people in the world. However, does the previous history of your race or ethnicity grant the right for police officers to profile you? That question is countlessly being debated amongst American citizens and even top government officials. Racial profiling is a subject that has stirred up so much controversy in the past that it still hasn t been fully resolved to this day. To put into historical context, periods of American history as the Jim Crow era, segregated coloredRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control785 Words   |  4 Pagesopinions on this. They are usually about whether we should we have gun control or not. We should not n eed gun control to solve crime in the United States. We need laws, background checks and more. The conversation about gun control will continue on as long as guns are made and used. The argument about gun control is doubled sided. This means that on one side citizens want the government to have control over citizens having guns. They believe it should be made a law that people are not allowed to haveRead MoreEssay about social media1312 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresents standards of how society’s behavior should be and drive all aspects of a management teams. The legally astute marking manager seeks legal counsel, advice, and guidance and is proactive in addressing the legal dimensions of business. 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The Field Of Banking And Finance - 934 Words

The field of Banking and finance is still developing and not every organizations are yet organized to deal with IT risk in an integrated way nor do all of them face the same levels of IT risk and or share similar risk side view. It is different to one another however, is compelling those are facing rising incident rates in the areas of security, availability, performance and compliance with noteworthy impact on revenue, reputation, productivity, and cost. (ISIT Risk Management in Banking Industry, 2011) Every organizations should try to manage IT risks effectively in that the challenge are understanding of their portfolio view of IT risks, quantify and prioritize them against the its risk profile and develop an effective program of remediation activities using five step process that can help them to assess their levels of IT risk, develop remediate roadmaps and ultimately build effective, continuous IT risk Management Programs. 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Romanticism in English Literature of the Beginning of the...

Romanticism in English literature of the Beginning of the 19th Century (The Age of Romanticism) Britain became a large trading empire. The cities grew fast. London remained the largest one. In the 19th century Britain was at its height and self confidence. It was called the workshop of the world. The rich feared the poor both in the countryside and in the fast-growing towns. Nevertheless the great emphasis was made on the individual based on interdependence of Man and Nature. During the second half of the 18th century economic and social changes took place in England. The country went through the so-called Industrial Revolution when new industries sprang up and new processes were applied to the manufacture of†¦show more content†¦The representatives of the early stage of English Romanticism were George Crabbe (1754-1832), William Blake (1757-1827) and Robert Burns (1759-1796). The Early Romanticism The most outstanding representative of the Early Romanticism in England was Robert Burns. Unlike George Crabbe and William Blake, he was very popular in his time. Robert Burns became the national bard of Scotland. His hatred of injustice was firmly rooted in his personal life experience full of trouble and sufferings. His attitude to life Robert Burns shows in his Poem on Life written in the year of his death: Dame Life, tho` fiction out may trick her, And in paste gems and flipp`ry deck her, Oh! flick`ring, feeble and unsicker I’ve found her still, Aye wavring like the willow wicker, tween good and ill. Robert Burns (1759—1796) Robert Burns was born on 25 January 1759 in Alloway, near Ayr. His father, William Burnes, was a hard-working small farmer who had come from the north-east of Scotland. William Burnes (Robert dropped the e from the spelling of the family name) took great trouble to give his children education, he had the traditional Scottish respect for education â€Å"...valuing knowledge, possessing some and open-minded for more (wrote Thomas Carlyle, the influential writer and historian born not far from Dumfries in 1795). Roberts mother was Agnes Brown, a farmers daughter from South Ayrshire. Although hisShow MoreRelatedRomanticism: 19th Century and Time Period785 Words   |  4 PagesWebsters dictionary states the definition of Romanticism as a movement in literature and art during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that celebrated nature rather than civilization. Romanticism was a movement that helped generated other movements, but brought a new form of li terature that was well embraced during the 18th and 19th centuries. Romanticism started during the end of the 18th century as politics and society were changing in Europe. 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Romanticism in literature began in the early 19th century and it incorporated individualism, embracing imagination, and breaking from traditional lifestyles and ideals. Romantic literature has many lively descriptions of nature because exploring nature was a very important part of Romanticism. Traditional religion wasn’t popular anymore;Read MoreRomanticism : Romanticism And Romanticism1141 Words   |  5 Pagesmovements. Although Romanticism and Modernism differ in their styles, values, and ideology, they were both important periods in literature. Romanticism was a literary movement during the late 18th century until the early 19th century that had an emphasis on the imagination and emotions. The movement moved through every country in Europe, Latin America, and the United States from approximately 1750 to 1870. However, France did not see the movement until the 1820’s. 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The term romantic first appeared at sometime during the latter half of the 18th Century, meaning in quite literal English, romance-like, usually referring to the character of mythical medieval romances. The first significantRead MoreImpact of the 1789 French Revolution on Literature3917 Words   |  16 PagesRevolution on Literature Introduction - Outline ONE: Pre-Revolution Attitudes in France freedom of expression was repressed to a degree that became intolerable the pre-Revolution literature reflected and related to the upper class in France the French language was considered the Kings language and for those extolling the virtues of the king; the great bulk of the French population used Latin TWO: The Romantic Movement Following the Revolution of 1789 albeit the movement of romanticism was born

Organization and the Individual

Question: Understanding how important employability skills are along with key skills has helped me tremendously in my professional development. Answer: Introduction The Government of Wales Assembly tries to integrate all the educational entities with one concept. The concept is to develop global citizenship with the help of sustainable development. There is framework prepared by the WAG named as One Wales One Plant to serve this purpose. The Glyndwr Graduate has taken the elemental philosophy to promote global citizenship. The Glyndwr Graduate has developed some fundamental policies to develop essential soft skills. All these soft skills are delivered in the modules taught at the University of Glyndwr. As Banks and Barlex (2014) mentioned that the significance of employability skills are increased for the graduates. Presently recruiters look for soft skills of applicants rather than hard skills. According to Brooks et al. (2012), there is an explicit linkage between successful employment after graduation and employability skills. In this report, the significance of employability skills has been analyzed. In addition, it is also evaluated how the external drivers of the government of Walsh have forced the university to apply Macro level action. These Macro level measures have a high impact on the module delivery system at the Micro level. Initially, an overview of organizational strategies and corporate culture has been given in this report. The impact of organizational culture and strategy for the teaching practice has also been analyzed. The concept of employability skills has also been discussed and its linkage with the current policy named as One Wales, One Earth has been analyzed. The conceptual framework required to support soft skills are discussed. There are also some recommendations given in this report. These recommendations are helpful to provide an efficient way to promote employability skills in graduates, who are willing to take part in the labor market. Organizational Culture and Strategy Brown and Carasso (2013) had provided the concept of organizational culture has been provided. Presently, organizational culture has become an important part of education and academic research. It suggests that development of an effective organizational culture is an essential component of organizational success. It has highlighted the significance of the strategic change. According to Ellis (2015), development of effective leadership is a crucial part of organizational culture. It is the process in which knowledge is developed, shared, maintained, and utilized. Organizational culture is related to the value and behavior that help to develop ethical and healthy work environment in an organization (Desha and Hargroves 2014). It represents the collective beliefs, principles, and values of peoples working in an organization. Handy and Hains (2015) had highlighted the necessity of accent various organizational strategies in the higher educational institutions. There are various organizational strategies and tips can be promoted in order to gain best possible outcomes for Higher Education (HE) organizations. Effective application of business strategies on micro and macro level needs to be considered. From Welsh Assembly Government (2012) it is found that, the organizational strategy requires to be focused on the population of an organization. It has to be organized in accordance with requirements or needs of people. For example, all legislative measures and policies need to be developed in accordance with the needs of the society. Micro level is described as the structure of an organization and the method, which has a direct impact on the long-term process of an organization. Employability skills According to Hirsch (2012) employability skills refer to the set of skills, attributes, and understandings that help graduate students to get a job and. These skills also help graduate students to become successful in their particular occupation. Employability skills have various benefits in community, economy and the society. It is very essential for graduate students to understand that those skills they acquire during the time of study will help them to become a successful employee in future. It also provides them some social and economic advantages and promote sustainable benefits. Howie (2011) had conducted a survey of employees to find out their most valuable characteristics. The most desired characteristics for employees are analyzed as the employability skills. There are various categories of employability skills have been examined in research works. These skills are divided mainly into three categories. They are such as personal abilities, practical competencies, attitudes, qualities. As Knight and Yorke (2013) stated that, there are various skills required for employees to become successful. These skills are like communicational skills, team-working skills and project management skills. Lifelong learning methods need to be developed in such a way that students can improve these skills. All the educational programs needed to be drawn up in order to promote personal developments of students. The education system must have the long-term vision to develop employability skills within all students. As Lang (2012) suggests that, the employability skills must hav e to be linked with legislative framework and policy regarding social exclusion and equality. It has to be a part of economic competitiveness, which drives higher skills within students. Education required for global citizenships and sustainable development The government of Welsh has developed a governmental policy named as Education for Sustainable development and Global Citizenship (ESDGC) (Bachelor 2016). Wales is one of the few countries to have this policy. The Government of Wales has a very strong accent on the sustained development of students in Wales. The WAG has analyzed those issues, which have the effect on the sustainable development of business and peoples of Wales. Depending on the analysis, the WAG has developed a strategy named as "One Planet One Wales." It is a policy, which provides the framework to HE institutions of Wales. It helps to develop employability and global citizenship. All the educational organizations of Wales require having policies covering ESDGC. Sustainability needs to be formulated in the management of schools, transports, estates. The government of Wales has drawn up and act named as Government of Wales Act, 1998. This act helps to promote sustainability in every activity. The primary focus of the Wales government is to develop a set of skills, attitudes, and values required to promote sustainability. "One Wales one plant." As Bradshaw and Mayhew (2015) mentioned that, in order t become sustainable, policy needs to be developed to support social justice. It also needs to provide equal opportunity to all the peoples. This policy also needs to promote traditional cultural and natural environment. In accordance with these requirements, the Wale government has developed a sustainable policy named as "One Wales One Planet." This policy has the aim to develop a healthy environment and society. According to Arthur and Bohlin (2015), each person in the society has their roles to create a healthy environment. A healthy eco-system framework needs to be developed by the government, to promote sustainability in the society. This policy also has highlighted the requirement for improving the lifestyle of those people living in disadvantaged in the community of Wales. It recommends focusing on improving child poverty rate of Wales. It also promotes employability for future generation (Alvesson 2012). In comparison wit h other developing countries, Wales has the highest rate of Child poverty. According to the survey done in the year of 2008, it has been found that there are more than 180,000 (more than 29%) children of Wales live beyond poverty level (Gravells 2012). The lower rate of education is the primary reason for this high degree of the incidence of poverty. The Graduate of Glyndwr The inputs are given by the macro level source can affect an organization (Owen-ja 2013). It can be stated more explicitly that, societal macro-culture has the highest impact of an organization. The government of Wales is highly focused on the development of fair society. They also try to develop ethical principles for social justice. The governments of Wales have established policies and legislations that have a positive impact on the organizational culture. Employability skills are an imperative part of the core values of Glyndwr University (Glyndwr University 2013). The university considers that HE has a very crucial role to play to develop employability skills in students. The university focuses on establishing personal and professional skill development for all students. It helps them to become contentious persons who can actively participate in the career market. It also contributes to improving the society and community of Wales as a whole. The Glyndwr University has developed its strategies to develop skills and attributes of students depending on five broad categories. However, some of these categories overlap with each other. The university must have to recognize and create opportunity. The university has to promote independent thinking of the students to support independent study. It also provides students the opportunity to increase their confidence related to their personal skills. The University has the objective to develop life-long learning for all the students at international level. It is also a future oriented aim of this university. The primary purpose of the Glyndwr Graduate scheme is to develop essential skills of students. The policies implemented by the HE institution are to promote employability for the graduate students. As Wilton (2011) stated that, development of the main skills is required to establish and develop the ethical, comprehensive environment. Requirement of citizenship teaching in higher education According to Welsh Assembly Government (2012), education has a vital role to play in the welfare of children. Education can help children to develop to develop their personality and intellectual capability. It also contributes to promoting skills for citizenship and social development. The governments of Wales have developed their sustainability policy named as "One Wales One Plant." It is the responsibility of the teachers to established appropriate program to promote employability skills. As mentioned Alvesson (2012) that, employability skills are needed to be taught along with citizenship. It is the primary principle of "One Wales One Plant." As Owen-ja (2013) stated that, there is an adamant relationship between individuals and society. Hence, it is the responsibility of the HE organizations to promote citizenship alongside with traditional academic teaching. Various challenges have to face during the higher education. The increased global competitiveness is the one of those major challenges (Clare Thomas 2011). It requires having equilibrium between different factors that can ensure sustainable social justices with sound financial performance. Thus, it is highly needed to develop a suitable framework for HE institutions. In Wales, the ESDGC framework has been drawn up to promote employability skills among students of Wales. The government of Wales has developed appropriate policies and legislations in accordance with the ESDGC framework. It provides adequate opportunity to the graduate students of Wales to improve their employability skills. ESDGC is a flexible approach that every HE institution in Wales can apply individually. This framework helps to analyze the role of ESDGC on the employability skills, learning, teaching, leadership, audit on curriculum and institutional management. This report has clearly described the research process need to be adopted by every institution. It also helps to describe how the lecturers can implement those frameworks in their subject of delivery. As Alvesson (2012) mentioned that, in order to become truly effective it is required to provide some training for teachers. These training must have the aim to tackle with the power of ideology. Applying the bottom-up approach in the organizational culture is necessary. As Gravells (2012) opined that, it is the responsibility universities to promote employability in the first and second year of study. It has to be an important part their syllabus as well. As the third year is the most critical stage of any course, students have to face a tremendous amount of stress at this stress (Swansea University 2011). Thus, it is not suitable for any university to include employability skills in the third year. In addition, students also have to learn about the application methods. They must have t he knowledge about how to write Cover letter, curricula vitae and of application letters. All these employability skills will help to students to secure a job in future. There are also high requirements of conducting group projects and group presentations. As Lang (2012) mentioned that, group projects help to develop effective team working capability. During teamwork, students require having effective communicational skills. At this point, students can demonstrate their leadership capabilities to conduct a job. All the team members have their different perspectives related to the job. Hence, it is the responsibility of a leader to solve all the conflicts and motivate students to fulfill a job successfully. Universities need to remember that teamwork is the central part of any job. According to (Bachelor 2016), it supports empowerment that can help to prevent various constraints occur during a project. It also encourages the multidisciplinary approach of working that can increase res ponsiveness and flexibility. Micro and macro level in teaching practice The Glyndwr has developed the strategy in accordance with the WAG policy. This policy is known as The Glyndwr Graduate. A clear set of aims has been given in this policy. It also provides all the graduate students the opportunity to improve their personal skills that can enhance their employability level. The Glyndwr University tries to stay committed to the One Wales One Planet framework. The university has implemented employability skills at every program organized by the University. The Glyndwr University has embedded both employability and essential competencies in every module taught in the organization. The university has embraced various approaches to bring employability skills in different sessions. The university has adopted cooperative learning as a part of micro level teaching practice. Management of the University has developed a grad project that all the students need to submit in the third year of study. This project is has combined all employability skills and critical skills that students learn throughout their whole study. This university also provides the opportunity to gain scenario based or practical learning experience to the students. All the students have to take part in a group activity, where they have to manage a practical situation. All students have their individual roles to be followed. Various areas needed to be covered by the students in this project. Students have to develop their analytical skills and communicational awareness. They must have to develop effective communicational skills to improve teamwork performance. Appropriate decision-making capability is required to be established, so that students become capable of taking crucial decisions in critical conditions. Students have to learn how to take initiatives for any job. According to Alvesson (2012), student life is the best stage to develop leadership capability. Students need to select which type of leadership is best suited for them. There are various others skills are required to be developed by students during their study. They are like innovation, time management, numeracy skills, negotiating; organization, IT skills, problem solving and networking. It has been analyzed that the practical learning or scenario based learning provides students an idea about the real working situation. It is also found that scenario based learning is very much helpful to combine employability skills in the modulus as required by the Glyndwr Graduate policy and "One Wales One Plant" framework. Recommendations In this report there are various recommendations have been given in order to promote employability skills in universities. The university requires increasing and improving global competitiveness. As Lang (2012) mentioned that, studying in foreign countries help to increase cultural awareness and their independence. These factors help them to secure a job in future. In addition, students have to learn about various foreign languages, which can be helpful in their job. The teachers can be given training in accordance with the deliverance of ESDGC in the University. In addition, there must be separate classes need to be offer in the first and second year of study that is focused on numeracy and employability skills. The University has to develop programs where students can take part in social events. It will help the student to gather enhanced idea about the real world and society. The university has to take initiatives to make foreign language classes available for students. It will increase the level of employability of students in Wales. Conclusion In this report, a proposal for amended version of ESDGC framework has been given. This framework has to be applied to all the universities of Wales. It helps to meet all the criteria given in the policy developed by the government of Wales named as "One Wales, One Planet." It is very necessary for Higher Educational Institutions to motivate employability skills for all the graduate students. All the universities need to implement employability skill studies in the first and second year of study. It will improve organizational culture and team working capability among students, which can help them to secure a job in future. Implementing ESDGC policy framework at the micro level of the organization has a high impact on the micro level of education delivery system. Reference list Alvesson, M., 2012. Understanding organizational culture. London: SAGE Publications. Arthur, J. and Bohlin, K., 2015. Citizenship and higher education: The role of universities in community and society. United Kingdom: Taylor Francis. Bachelor, 2016.Graduate careers: The importance of employability skills. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/money/2012/jun/08/graduate-careers-employability-skills (Accessed: 25 March 2016). Banks, F. and Barlex, D., 2014.Teaching STEM in the Secondary School. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Bradshaw, J. and Mayhew, E., 2015. The well-being of children in the UK. 2nd edn. London: Save the Children. Brooks, V., Abbott, I. and Huddleston, P., 2012. Preparing to teach in secondary schools: A student teachers guide to professional issues in secondary education. 3rd edn. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Brown, R. and Carasso, H., 2013. Everything for sale? The marketisation of UK higher education. London: Taylor Francis. Clare Thomas, 2011. Welsh HE institutional ESDGC group common understanding of ESDGC document towards a common understanding and development of education for sustainable development and global citizenship (ESDGC). Available at: https://www.hefcw.ac.uk/documents/about_he_in_wales/wag_priorities_and_policies/Common%20Understanding%20of%20ESDGC%20.pdf (Accessed: 25 March 2016). Desha, C. and Hargroves, K., 2014.Higher education and sustainable development. Oxon: Routledge. Ellis, M., 2015.The critical global educator. Oxon: Routledge. Glyndwr University, 2013. Glyndwr Graduate. Wrexham: Glyndwr University. Gravells, A., 2012. Delivering employability skills in the lifelong learning sector. Exeter: Learning Matters. Handy, C.B. and Hains, C., 2015. Understanding organizations (Penguin business library). 4th edn. London: Penguin Global. Hirsch, D., 2012. Experiences of poverty and educational disadvantage. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Howie, D.R., 2011. Teaching students thinking skills and strategies: A framework for cognitive education in inclusive settings. Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Knight, P.T. and Yorke, M., 2013. Assessment, learning and employability. Maidenhead: Society for Research into Higher Education Open University Press. Lang, N., 2012. Group work practice to advance social competence: A specialized methodology for social work. United States: Columbia University Press. Owen-ja, G., 2013. A practical guide to teaching design and technology in the secondary school. Edited by Gwyneth Owen-Jackson. London: Routledge. Swansea University, 2011.Baselining for ESDGC piloting an approach: Education for Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship (ESDGC) Development Framework (EDF). 1st ed. Newport: University of Wales. Welsh Assembly Government, 2012. For our future - the 21st century higher education strategy and plan for wales. Cardiff: Welsh Assembly Government. Welsh Assembly Government, 2012. Children and Young Peoples Wellbeing Monitor for Wales: Evidence Review. Cardiff: Wilton, N., 2011. Do employability skills really matter in the UK graduate labour market? The case of business and management graduates.Work, Employment Society,25(1), pp.85-100.

The Couple Therapy Connecting To Two Theories And Concepts - Sample

Question: Discuss about the The Couple Therapy Connecting To Two Theories And Concepts. Answer: The couple theory is regarded as providing counseling in a kind of a medium or a long term relationships, whether it includes the marriage or a relationship based which is a de facto one (Baucom et al 2012; p. 239). In the movie Unfaithful which was released in the year 2002, was about a couples name Edward Summer and Connie Summer. The couple lived in Manhattan and they were living with a child. However, the problem was about that there was a lack of passion between the couple. The lack of passion lead to the growth of heated argument and failing to understand each others feelings led a crack on the relationship. Again the husband hardly used to give time to his wife after coming back from office. This left a poor impact on the relationship, which made the wife to start an extra marital affair with a young gentleman name Paul. However, after realizing her mistake, later on Connie wants to give another chance to their marital relationship. In a relationship, the importance of love understanding and passion is important. However, with time it vanishes due to some psychological wants demands or attentions that a couple wants from each other (Benson et al 2012; pp. 25-35; Johnson 2012). Unable to do so, would lead to the creation of fault in the relation. In this respect, the couple needs to take help from any counselor so that they can guide them through the process of problem solving and understanding (Benson et al 2012; pp. 25-35; Whisman and Beach 2012; pp. 526-535). The couple theory is being practiced right now by many tertiary councilors who are qualified this includes the psychologists, therapists from different disciplines. The theories are also helpful in making to understand and solve the problems between the two couples. The case of Edward and Connie Summer had some of the identified common problems which are anger and aggression, lack of intimacy, the inability to solve problems and difficulties in communication (Synder et al 2012; pp. 229-249). These sums up the general dissatisfaction in the relationship. These as well results to the development of the traumatic incident. Both Husband and Wife at the same time have different values and wants for different lifestyles. The same way it acted as a barrier in the happiness of rearing child and filling up the goals of the family. Connie wanted to try out the relationship once again and decided to approach a therapist (Synder et al 2012; pp. 229-249). The approaches such as Psychodynamic approach where the counselor would deeply dig into the matter of the relationship just to find the origin of the problems. It is important to find out the difficulties which are hampering the relationship between husband and wife. The digging out the matter can disclose the past stories of sexual affairs, any kinds of mental abuses or any kinds of secrets that the couple decided to keep as secret to each other (Wanlass and Scharff 2015; p.134; Carr and McNulty 2016). In this model, problems in the relationship can be pointed out through the implementation of the counselors projective identification. This is a term and a process which has its origination in theory of ego propounded by Freud and later on utilized by some other counselor in the school of thought of psychodynamic name Melanie Klein. In this approach, the therapist advices clients about the analysis that the therapist has deduced after going through the problems of the couple (Wanlass and Scharff 2015; p.134). The therapy is concise and less intensive. The psychodynamic approach make the clients speak freely about their problems to the therapist and the clients also take interest to speak about their problems. The Summer couple can attend this therapy and try to solve out the problems by freely exposing their mind to the therapist. The psychodynamic approach provides a deeper understanding about the intimate relationship between the couple and it is a perfect approach for the couple who are facing relationship problems. Therefore, the entire problems lie in the fact that the couple needs to be treated properly and with the help of this therapy, they can explore their influence of past if any over their relationship and this therapy if being implemented properly can bring the couple together. The Psychodynamic approach can also help the family to solve the immediate causes and make them happy if treated properly. Another important couple theory which could be act as the couple theory is the Gottmans approach to the couple theory. In his work, Gottrman focused on the relationship of the individuals rather concentrating on the individuals themselves. He believes that the establishment of the marriage becomes stronger with the growing positive friendship with the partner and the communications to solve the problem easily (Gottman 2015; pp. 129-157). Gottam proposed that couples must take care of the love map in each others life which incorporates dreams, aspirations, love and fear. The most important approach of Gottman is that the problem which has caused conflict in their life can become the source of happiness of intimacy of their life (Gurman 2015; pp 203-210). Both Edward and Connie lacks passion for each other which resulted to so many conflicts in their personal life, through the understanding of each other and also consulting the therapist, the couple can find ways to interact with each other more and the positive values of the relationship would grow further (Segraves 2012). Gottman focused on the research that high intensity of the conflict can arise which lead to the escalation of the behavior. The researcher suggested that when both the couples are waging argument with each other and when it gets too much heated then they should take at least twenty minutes break and again after that they should start approaching to each other in a calm mode (Gottman 2015; pp. 129-157). He also came up with the approach of relaxation techniques which can provide help to the partners to calm down. This term is known in his language as Psychological soothing and these are the measures for calming down the heated conversation between the couple. The approach of Gottman talks about seven dimensions of the marital friendships. First, the couple must take interest about their partners world. Second, cultural appreciation for couple would nurture fondness and respect. Third, the couple must be fond of each other not by ignoring each other. Fourth, the presence of the degree of mutual influence must be there for each other (Gottman 2015; pp. 129-157). Fifth, a problem solving method should be adopted and the problems must be solved easily. Sixth, awareness should be built for each other and give respect to their personal dreams and engagement. Seventh, the creation of the integration that each of the partner must develop in their relationship (Gottman 2015; pp. 129-157). The accurate therapy plan would contain the following elements and they are History: The section includes information about any kinds of history that both couple faced in terms of psychological in past life and if they are under any diagnosis system or not. Presenting the concerns: The current concern in the relationship should be made clear about the couples seeking help from therapist. Treatment contract: The contract for the treatment suffices the goals for the transition in the pattern of existing relationship. It is a plan which justifies the modality of treatment that should be used (Davis, Lebow and Sprenkle 2012; pp. 36-48). Strengths: All along the plan, the therapist includes information about the persons treatment. This could encourage the individuals to gain strength in order to gain access to the goals. Frequency, Modality and Targets: Each goal which is proposed must contain the modality of treatment. The sessions frequency and also the targeted dates can be used. Goals of the treatment: These are the objectives which would provide support to the couple who are in the therapy. The goals should be realistic and specific so that they are easily achievable (Davis, Lebow and Sprenkle 2012; pp. 36-48). The goals are the understanding which would provide happiness to the couple, where in the relationship a trust can be developed. The other goals must be setting the stages and boundaries, where the couple must develop the relationship which is of a conscious nature. Objectives: Goals are subdivided into objectives which support the couple who is in therapy through the completion of the goals which are larger (Davis, Lebow and Sprenkle 2012; pp. 36-48). Interventions: Goals incorporate techniques and intervene of the professional of the couple therapist to help the couple to achieve a goal which can finally restore the relationship by providing a concrete plan based on the relationship problems of the couple (Halford et al 2012; pp. 49-60). Therapist would monitor the progress accordingly and would check how the improvements in the relationship. Outcomes/ Progress: The outcomes or the progress of the work is listed under each goal. After reviewing the treatment plan, the section of the progress makes a note of how the progression of the things is going outside and inside of the session (Davis, Lebow and Sprenkle 2012; pp. 36-48). This is a systematic representation of the plan for the couple Edward and Connie Summer which is Achievable and Measurable to a greater extent. Each step is necessary to incorporate in the plan to bring developments in the relationship status of the couple. Therefore the importance of this plan should be taken into consideration. To conclude, it could be stated that both Edward and Connie Summer should seek help by following the different approaches of Psychodynamic and Gottams approach of Couple theory can come in use in order to make their relationship develop with time and flourish. Lastly, a plan has been suggested for the couple so that they follow the rules properly by seeking help from the therapist. References Baucom, D.H., Epstein, N.B. and Sullivan, L.J., 2012. Brief couple therapy.The Art and Science of Brief Psychotherapies: An Illustrated Guide, p.239. Benson, L.A., McGinn, M.M. and Christensen, A., 2012. Common principles of couple therapy.Behavior Therapy,43(1), pp.25-35. Carr, A. and McNulty, M. eds., 2016.The handbook of adult clinical psychology: an evidence based practice approach. Routledge. Davis, S.D., Lebow, J.L. and Sprenkle, D.H., 2012. Common factors of change in couple therapy.Behavior therapy,43(1), pp.36-48. Gottman, J.M., 2015. Gottman couple therapy.Clinical handbook of couple therapy, pp.129-157. Gurman, A.S., Lebow, J.L. and Snyder, D.K. eds., 2015.Clinical handbook of couple therapy. Guilford Publications. Halford, W.K., Hayes, S., Christensen, A., Lambert, M., Baucom, D.H. and Atkins, D.C., 2012. Toward making progress feedback an effective common factor in couple therapy.Behavior Therapy,43(1), pp.49-60. Johnson, S.M., 2012.The practice of emotionally focused couple therapy: Creating connection. Routledge. Segraves, R., 2012.Marital Therapy: A Combined PsychodynamicBehavioral Approach. Springer Science Business Media. Snyder, D.K. and Halford, W.K., 2012. Evidence?based couple therapy: Current status and future directions.Journal of Family Therapy,34(3), pp.229-249. Wanlass, J. and Scharff, D.E., 2015. Psychodynamic approaches to couple and family therapy.Handbook of family therapy, p.134. Whisman, M.A. and Beach, S.R., 2012. Couple therapy for depression.Journal of clinical psychology,68(5), pp.526-535. Answer: